CVE-2026-78211 — CVSS 9.8 CRITICAL Severity | NVD Vulnerability Record

Executive Summary

A critical OS command injection (CVE‑2026‑78211) exists in 4MOSAn GCB Doctor, permitting unauthenticated remote code execution via an unremoved ADOdb test page parameter. All deployments of GCB Doctor are exposed to immediate full‑system compromise regardless of operating system. Leadership must approve emergency mitigation (patch or temporary block) and trigger the incident‑response plan within the next 24 hours.

Verified Facts

• 4MOSAn GCB Doctor contains an OS command injection vulnerability — article.
• The vulnerability is exploitable by unauthenticated remote attackers through an unremoved ADOdb test page parameter — article.
• CVSS 3.1 base score is 9.8 (Critical) with vector AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H — article.
• The vulnerability is classified as CWE‑78 (Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command) — article.

Threat Classification

Threat type: Remote OS command injection leading to full system compromise (HIGH CONFIDENCE). Affected sectors: Any industry deploying 4MOSAn GCB Doctor, including healthcare, finance, and manufacturing (MEDIUM CONFIDENCE). Geographic scope: Global, as the product is sold internationally (MEDIUM CONFIDENCE). Exploitation status: Publicly disclosed with no confirmed active exploitation reports (MEDIUM CONFIDENCE). Attacker motivation: Not stated in the source (NO ASSESSMENT).

Threat Severity Assessment

• Remote, unauthenticated exploitation vector (HIGH CONFIDENCE).
• Complete confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact (C:H/I:H/A:H) (HIGH CONFIDENCE).
• CVSS 9.8 rating from NVD (HIGH CONFIDENCE).

Business Impact

A successful injection grants attackers arbitrary OS command execution, forcing immediate service outage, data loss, and potential exfiltration of regulated personal data. Under GDPR, NIS2, or DORA, a breach triggered by this vulnerability obligates mandatory breach notification and exposes the organization to statutory fines up to the maximum permitted by each regime. The loss of critical clinical or financial systems can generate revenue loss measured in millions per hour of downtime.

Technical Analysis

• Attack vector: Network‑based HTTP request to the ADOdb test page parameter (UNAUTHENTICATED, REMOTE).
• Exploitation chain: attacker sends crafted parameter → web application concatenates value into OS command → server executes arbitrary command.
• Affected component: 4MOSAn GCB Doctor (specific version not disclosed).
• Root cause: Presence of an unremoved ADOdb test page that fails to sanitize input (CWE‑78).
• CVSS vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H.

CVE Analysis

• CVE‑2026‑78211 — 4MOSAn GCB Doctor — CWE‑78 (OS Command Injection) — Network (AV:N), No authentication required (PR:N) — No public patch announced at time of publication.

MITRE ATT&CK Mapping

• Execution → T1059.004: Unix Shell — attacker injects OS commands via a web parameter that are executed by the server’s shell.
• Privilege Escalation → T1068: Exploitation for Privilege Escalation — arbitrary command execution can be used to gain higher‑level system privileges.

IOC Intelligence

No public IOCs confirmed at time of publication.

Behavioral IOC categories for rule creation:

• HTTP requests to any URL containing “adodb” with query parameters that include shell metacharacters (e.g., “;”, “&&”, “|”).
• Process creation events where the parent process is a web server (httpd, nginx, iis) and the child process command line contains “/bin/sh -c” or “cmd.exe /c”.
• Creation of files in temporary directories (/tmp, C:\Windows\Temp) with random‑looking names immediately after a suspicious web request.
• Outbound network connections initiated by processes spawned from the web server within 60 seconds of the request.

Detection Engineering Guidance

• Web server access logs (Apache/Nginx): filter for requests to “*adodb*” containing characters “;”, “&&”, “|”.
• WAF logs: alert on rule matching the same pattern in query strings.
• Sysmon Event ID 1 (Process Create): detect child processes with Image containing “/bin/sh” or “cmd.exe” where ParentImage is the web server binary and CommandLine includes “-c”.
• Windows Security Event ID 4688: same logic as Sysmon for IIS.
• Network flow logs: flag outbound connections from the PID of the newly created shell process.

Sigma Rules

title: Suspicious Command Injection via ADOdb Test Page
id: 3f9c2a1e-5b4d-4f9a-8c2e-7a6d9f1b2c3d
status: stable
description: Detects HTTP requests to an ADOdb test page that contain shell metacharacters, indicating possible OS command injection (CVE‑2026‑78211).
logsource:
    product: webserver
    service: apache
detection:
    selection:
        uri|contains: "adodb"
        query|contains:
            - ";"
            - "&&"
            - "|"
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Development or testing environments where the ADOdb test page is intentionally used.
level: high
tags:
    - attack.execution
    - attack.t1059.004

Threat Hunting Queries

• Hypothesis: Attackers are issuing malicious ADOdb requests — Source: Apache access logs; Query: `index=web_logs uri="*adodb*" (query="*;*" OR query="*&&*" OR query="*|*")`.
• Hypothesis: Web server spawns a shell after a request — Source: Sysmon; Query: `index=sysmon EventID=1 ParentImage="*httpd*" Image="*sh*" CommandLine="*-c*"`.
• Hypothesis: New temporary files created post‑request — Source: Windows Sysmon FileCreate; Query: `index=sysmon EventID=11 Image="*cmd.exe*" AND TargetFilename="C:\\Windows\\Temp\\*"`.
• Hypothesis: Outbound connections from spawned shells — Source: Netflow; Query: `

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